Paris Memorandum of Understanding (enforcement of SOLAS, MARPOL, MLC)
What is counted
Number of inspections, distinct ships inspected, detentions, recorded deficiencies and the detention rate
Unit
count · %
Coverage
1982–2025 (annual report)
Publisher
Paris MoU Secretariat · EMSA THETIS
Sample value from the publisher’s release
2025: 16,474 inspections · 14,554 ships · 688 detentions · 51,797 deficiencies · detention rate 4.18% (2024: 4.03%)
The detention rate depends on the inspection pool; because inspections concentrate on ships selected by risk profile, the rate is not a direct measure of flag quality.
Greenhouse gas obligations
Open download
Connected
THETIS-MRV — verified CO₂ per ship
Legal instrument
MRV Regulation (EU) 2015/757
What is counted
Annual fuel consumption, CO₂ emissions, distance travelled, time at sea and operational efficiency for every ship above 5,000 GT calling at EU/EEA ports
Unit
tCO₂ · t fuel · nautical miles · gCO₂/t·nm
Coverage
2018–2023 (published)
Publisher
European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA)
Sample value from the publisher’s release
Six annual releases (2018–2023); a company correction produces a new version and a new downloadable table
Covers only voyages calling at EU/EEA ports; it is not a ship’s global total. Company declarations are verifier-approved but can be amended afterwards. DISCLAIMER (Scientific Use & Turkish Maritime Jurisdiction): This dataset is used strictly for scientific/academic research; EMSA/EU geographic reporting scopes or GCA port claims carry zero legal effect over the Republic of Türkiye’s exclusive maritime jurisdiction ("Mavi Vatan") or TRNC sovereign rights.
Sample value from the publisher’s release
2023: 7,513 possible detections · 2,464 verified on site (41%) · up 58% on 2022
Detections are POSSIBLE pollution. A radar signature may come from mineral oil, but equally from an algal bloom, upwelling, sewage or garbage. Only 41% were verified on site; reading the raw detection count as a count of infringements is wrong. DISCLAIMER (Scientific Use & Turkish Maritime Jurisdiction): Included strictly for scientific/academic use; EMSA satellite monitoring zones carry zero legal validity vis-à-vis Türkiye’s UN-registered EEZ and continental shelf boundaries (A/74/757).
Context of the CLC and FUND Conventions (compensation for pollution damage)
What is counted
Annual number of tanker spills by size class (<7 t, 7–700 t, >700 t) and the quantity spilled
Unit
count/year · tonnes
Coverage
1970–present
Publisher
ITOPF (International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation)
Sample value from the publisher’s release
More than 10,000 incidents recorded · 24.5 large (>700 t) spills per year in the 1970s · ~5.88 million tonnes in total 1970–2022 · spills over 7 t down by more than 90% since the 1970s
Covers only accidental spills from tank vessels; operational discharges and pipeline or platform spills are outside it. A single large casualty can determine an annual total on its own. The downward trend is not normalised by fleet size.
Protected area designation
Open download
Connected
Share of marine protected area — WDPA / WD-OECM
Legal instrument
Convention on Biological Diversity · Kunming-Montreal Global Framework Target 3 (30% by 2030) · SDG 14.5
What is counted
The percentage of a country’s territorial waters and maritime jurisdiction legally designated as protected areas
Unit
% of marine area
Coverage
2013–2025 · 174 countries
Publisher
UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (Protected Planet WDPA / WD-OECM) · compiled by the World Bank · Our World in Data
Sample value from the publisher’s release
2,223 observations loaded to the platform · Türkiye 2013: 1.2%
Measures designated extent, not protection effectiveness. DISCLAIMER (Scientific Use & Turkish Maritime Jurisdiction / Blue Homeland): Included strictly for scientific/academic research. The VLIZ Marine Regions polygons used by UNEP-WCMC/WDPA as the spatial denominator, as well as any unilateral "Marine Park / Natura 2000" designations infringing upon Türkiye’s continental shelf in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean, are null and void for the Republic of Türkiye. Official UN-registered Mavi Vatan boundaries (~462,000 km², A/74/757) prevail exclusively.
The percentage of assessed fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels and the percentage overexploited
Unit
%
Coverage
2016–2021 · 84 countries and the world total
Publisher
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) · processed by Our World in Data
Sample value from the publisher’s release
2×120 observations loaded to the platform · World 2021: 64.5% sustainable, 35.5% overfished
It covers only ASSESSED stocks; unassessed stocks never enter the denominator, and in most countries they are a substantial share. The periods are irregular and not published every year. The two indicators are not independent measurements; they always sum to 100.
All IMO conventions (SOLAS, MARPOL, BWM, Hong Kong, etc.)
What is counted
For each convention, the number of contracting states and the percentage of world merchant tonnage bound by it
Unit
number of states · % of world tonnage
Coverage
current (annual release)
Publisher
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Sample value from the publisher’s release
For each convention the document lists the entry-into-force date, the number of contracting states and the % of world tonnage
Being a party does not guarantee implementation; a convention with high coverage may still be weakly enforced in practice. It should be read together with port state control data.
How many states each of thirteen conventions binds, year by year
Unit
state parties
Coverage
1971–2015 · 13 conventions
Publisher
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) · Our World in Data derlemesi
Sample value from the publisher’s release
585 observations loaded to the platform · 2015: UNCLOS 167, UNFCCC 197, Kyoto 193 parties
Being a party does not guarantee implementation; a convention with wide participation may still be weakly enforced. Being party to a convention does not mean being party to all of its annexes or protocols. The record ends in 2015; for current party counts consult the convention secretariat.
National commitments under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement and the domestic legislation carrying them
What is counted
The bindingness step of a country’s net-zero commitment: no target · in discussion · pledge · in policy document · in law · achieved
Unit
class (0–5) · target year
Coverage
2026 snapshot · 196 countries
Publisher
Net Zero Tracker · processed by Our World in Data
Sample value from the publisher’s release
196 statuses and 191 target years loaded to the platform · target IN LAW in 37 countries · Türkiye: in a policy document, target year 2053
It is an ORDINAL scale, not a numeric one: the gap between 4 and 2 is not “twice as much”, and its arithmetic mean is meaningless. Being in law does not show the target will be met; whether it carries sanctions or interim milestones is invisible on this scale. It is a single-year snapshot, so no trend can be computed. “Achieved” is the country’s own declaration.
The average price on emissions covered by a carbon tax, weighted by the share those emissions form of the country total
Unit
2021 US$/t CO₂e
Coverage
1989–2025 · by country
Publisher
Dolphin and Merkle (2024) · processed by Our World in Data
Sample value from the publisher’s release
7,400 observations loaded to the platform · Türkiye 2025: 0 (no carbon tax in force)
ZERO means “no carbon tax in force”, not “the price is zero”. It covers only carbon TAXES; emissions trading systems are absent from this series, so in ETS-heavy jurisdictions such as the EU the total carbon price appears lower than it is.
Governance and enforcement capacity
Open download
Connected
Rule of law and regulatory quality — WGI
Legal instrument
It measures not a particular convention but the enforceability of conventions
What is counted
Contract enforcement, property rights and confidence in the courts (rule of law), and the capacity to formulate and implement regulation (regulatory quality)
Unit
score (−2.5…+2.5)
Coverage
1996–2024 · more than 200 countries
Publisher
World Bank — Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)
Sample value from the publisher’s release
Six WGI dimensions loaded to the platform (about 31,400 observations) · Türkiye 2024: rule of law −0.843 · regulatory quality −0.211
PERCEPTION-BASED: derived from surveys and expert assessments, not measurement. Zero is the world average, not an absolute threshold. Small year-to-year moves usually sit inside the confidence interval. It measures general enforcement capacity rather than the stringency of environmental law; for maritime law enforcement it is a proxy, not a direct measure.
National subsidy legislation and price regulation · phase-out commitments in the G20 and UNFCCC context
What is counted
The annual total value of subsidies a country provides to fossil fuel consumption and production
Unit
US$
Coverage
2010–2024 · 193 countries
Publisher
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) · processed by Our World in Data
Sample value from the publisher’s release
2,654 observations loaded to the platform · Türkiye 2024: 2.17 billion US$
It is the INVERSE counterpart of a carbon tax; the net carbon price signal is visible only when the two are read together. Figures are in current (nominal) dollars, not inflation-adjusted. Consumption subsidies are computed from the gap between a reference price and the domestic price: when oil prices rise the amount grows even if policy does not change. There is no maritime-fuel-specific breakdown.
Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA, in force since 2016)
What is counted
Number of states and regional organisations party to the agreement
Unit
number of parties
Coverage
2016–present
Publisher
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Sample value from the publisher’s release
82 Parties as of April 2025; because the EU acts as a single party on behalf of its member states, the number of states covered is effectively 108. It entered into force with 25 parties.
The EU counts as a single party; “number of parties” and “number of states covered” are not the same, and confusing them understates coverage.
Council Regulation (EC) 1005/2008 (illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing)
What is counted
Number and dates of yellow card, red card and delisting decisions issued to third countries
Unit
number of decisions
Coverage
2012–present
Publisher
European Commission (DG MARE)
Sample value from the publisher’s release
Since 2012: yellow cards for 23 countries, red cards for 6, and 15 countries delisted
A card indicates a governance shortfall, not a quantity of fishing. DISCLAIMER (Scientific Use): DG MARE geographic fishing zones are referenced strictly for scientific purposes and carry no legal validity over Türkiye’s Mavi Vatan maritime jurisdiction.
Number of approved facilities and the maximum annual recycling capacity of each
Unit
number of facilities · LDT/year
Coverage
2016–present
Publisher
European Commission · EUR-Lex
Sample value from the publisher’s release
The listed facilities have a combined maximum annual output of no less than 2.5 million LDT; sampled per-facility capacities range from 12,500 to 50,000 LDT/year
Capacity is a theoretical maximum, not the tonnage actually dismantled. The list binds only EU-flagged ships; vessels that reflag to leave its scope are not covered.
Maritime jurisdiction zones (Blue Homeland & international delimitation)
Open download
Connected
Republic of Türkiye Maritime Jurisdiction Zones (Blue Homeland / Mavi Vatan) — UN-Registered EEZ & Continental Shelf Boundaries
Legal instrument
UN Letter A/74/757 of 18 March 2020 · 27 November 2019 Türkiye–Libya Maritime Jurisdiction MoU · 21 September 2011 Türkiye–TRNC Continental Shelf Delimitation Agreement · 1986/1997 Black Sea EEZ Agreements
What is counted
Registered Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), continental shelf and territorial waters of the Republic of Türkiye across the Black Sea, Aegean Sea and Eastern Mediterranean (~462,000 km²) and TRNC maritime jurisdiction zones
Unit
km² · official coordinates & boundary
Coverage
1986–2026 (authoritative delimitation regime in force)
Publisher
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye · Turkish Naval Forces SHODB · Ankara University DEHUKAM
Sample value from the publisher’s release
Türkiye Blue Homeland (Mavi Vatan) total maritime jurisdiction area: ~462,000 km² (Black Sea EEZ + Aegean/Eastern Mediterranean UN A/74/757 registered continental shelf & EEZ) · TRNC maritime jurisdiction: ~9,100 km²
AUTHORITATIVE OFFICIAL REGIME: Across the GOMD platform, these official boundaries registered with the UN by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye and ONHO (SHODB) prevail exclusively regarding Türkiye’s maritime jurisdiction. Conflicting geometries in third-party datasets (VLIZ, EMODnet, Seville Map, etc.) are retained strictly for scientific comparison and carry zero legal validity for Türkiye.
Maritime jurisdiction zones (Blue Homeland & international delimitation)
Open download
Connected
Marine Regions — global marine areas scientific dataset (v12)
Legal instrument
Global marine geodatabase (strictly for scientific and academic research use)
What is counted
Global sea basins and coastal state EEZ / maritime area statistics (corrected with the official 462,000 km² Mavi Vatan figure for Türkiye)
Unit
km² · vector boundary
Coverage
v12 (25 October 2023 · GOMD Mavi Vatan aligned)
Publisher
Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) — IOC-UNESCO (Scientific Reference Only)
Sample value from the publisher’s release
World EEZ v12 · In the GOMD database, Türkiye (TUR) is updated to the official Mavi Vatan area (462,000 km²), and unrecognized unilateral GCA EEZ claims are removed from maps
DISCLAIMER (Scientific Use & Türkiye’s Exclusive Economic Zone / Blue Homeland): This external dataset is utilized strictly for scientific and academic research purposes. Default polygons in the raw VLIZ / Marine Regions v12 package reflecting maximalist "Seville Map" claims, full EEZ/continental shelf attribution to Kastellorizo (Meis), or unilateral EEZ claims by the Greek Cypriot Administration (GCA) are null and void and carry zero legal validity for the Republic of Türkiye. Regarding Türkiye’s exclusive maritime jurisdiction ("Mavi Vatan" — ~462,000 km²), official UN-registered boundaries (UN Letter A/74/757 of 18 March 2020, 27 November 2019 Türkiye–Libya MoU, 21 September 2011 Türkiye–TRNC Continental Shelf Agreement, and SHODB/DEHUKAM maps) prevail exclusively.
Protected Planet / WDPA — protection status detail (IUCN category, governance type, area geometry)
Bulk download of the detailed records and API access require registration and a key; sources demanding credentials are not connected here. The country-level coverage percentage IS connected, via the World Bank compilation; only the site-level detail remains closed.
Global Fishing Watch — AIS-based fishing effort
API access requires a token.
IMO GISIS — casualty and incident records
The non-public modules require an account, and no machine-readable export of the public subset is published.
